The Direct Cause of the Second World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Direct Cause of the Second World War - Essay Example Although many historians might state that the Second World War was an inevitable explosion of tensions that had built up over the years due to globalization and European control of resources, this paper insists that the unprovoked actions of the German regime under the orders of Adolf Hitler is the immediate cause of the war. Adolf Hitler's Nationalism Adolf Hitler's rise to power is one that was marked by a call for a strong nationalist leader who could restore Germany to its former glory. This therefore gave him the impetus to rise and fill the vacuum that existed in the German society. The First World War (1913 – 1919) came as a big blow to the Austrian-Hungary Kingdom which was the predecessor of the Germany that Hitler inherited. The First World War, had also been fought over the control of natural resources and the expansion of the most powerful nations of the world to control international trade. Germany had entered the war under the leadership of the Kaiser and Ministe rs of the country and most of the war was fought outside Germany (Axelrod 16). After the War, the victorious allies, led by Britain formed the league of nations which forced Germany to surrender by signing the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty failed to punish the Kaiser or Ministers of Germany, Austria and Hungary who were truly responsible for the war (Axelrod 15). Instead, the Treaty of Versailles sought to weaken the Germans by forcing them to cede 13% of their lands to allied nations like France, Poland and Czechoslovakia who had supported the British-led campaign during the First World War. Secondly, the Treaty of Versailles limited the German military capabilities with statutes and placed serious economic strains on the German people. In periods of economic depression, nations often look out for someone to blame and they seek strong leaders who can come up with solutions that would lift the masses out of poverty, this gave the impetus for the rise of Hitler. Hitler is quoted a s saying â€Å"In view of the primitive simplicity of their minds, [the masses] more easily fall victim to a big lie than a little one.† in his unpopular manifesto the main kampf. (Axelrod 27). Axelrod goes further to quote the Joseph Goebbels the Propaganda Minister of the Nazi Party as saying â€Å"That's my trade: hatred. It makes you a long way further than any other emotion.† (30). This new position created alongside Hitler's rise and growth of the Nazi party was clearly steeped in settling old scores and misleading the German people into fighting against other nations and peoples they considered were enemies of the German people. Through this, the Nazi party gradually built a one-party state and established a dictatorship. This clearly shows that with the fertile grounds prepared by the problems and challenges of the 1920s Germany, Hitler could easily come in with his malicious thoughts and ideas meant to punish people that he had brooded hatred against in the pa st. Hitler was able to promise Germans that â€Å"he could lead Germany back to the strength, he could overcome the psychological depression of the past defeat and the economic depression of Germany's contemporary situation† (Weinberg 53). This therefore shows that Hitler presented himself as the kind of savior that Germany needed to retain its past glory. However, Hitler did this by arising through the ranks to become a

The House Of The Seven Gables- Hawthornes Personal Reflections :: essays research papers

Nathanial Hawthorne. Considered to be one of the greatest American writers of the 19th century. But did you know that he hated portraits, and it is now thought that he was a mild manic-depressive? Born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. A decendant of a long puritan line of Hathorne's. His ancestry included his great-great grandfather, John Hathorne who was a judge at the Salem witch trials 112 years before Nathanial was born. Judge John Hathorne charged many with the crime of witchcraft,and condemned them to their deaths. Nathanial was embaressed by this and changed the spelling of his last name from Hathorne to Hawthorne. Alot of his family history, life experiences and where he lived influenced his writing greatly. Hawthorne had a cousin, Susannah Ingersoll. When he was young, in Salem, he would frequently visit her in her mansion, she lived there alone. The house had a secret staircase and once had seven gables. This house, Nathanial visited in his youth, was his inspiration for the house in his book " The House Of The Seven Gables". The story of The House Of The Seven Gables streches over two centuries. It's the classic scenario of two rival families, in this case the Pyncheons ( weathly aristocratic puritans) and the Maules ( humbler paupers). The story of these two families begins with Matthew Maule, who owned a certain amount of land and built himself a hut to live in, in this new puritan settlement. Maule was a hard working but obscure man, who was stubborn and protected what was his. His rival arrived at the settlement about 30 to 40 years after Maule had been there. Colonel Pyncheon, an ambicious and determined man, had a high position in the town. It was said that Colonel Pyncheon was very much for the execution of those who practiced witchcraft, and it was also said that he very strongly sought the condemnation of Matthew Maule for being a wizard. Pyncheon did manage to have Maule executed but not before Maule placed a curse on Pyncheon and his decendants. These were Maules exact words : " God, God will give him blood to drink !" Many of the characters in the book were influenced by actual people in and during Nathanial's life. For example : Colonel Pyncheon was based on The Reverend Wentworth Upham, a Minister and mayor of Salem. He wrote the books : Lecture's on Withcraft and History of Witchcraft and Salem Village. The Maule name was derived from Thomas Maule, a Quaker merchant living in Salem at the time of the trials.

Educating On Obesity And Exercise Health And Social Care Essay

There are two types of metabolic reactions, catabolic and anabolic which fundamentally mean to interrupt down and construct up. This is of import when looking at exercising and the construct of firing fat and edifice of musculus. During exercising energy is released when big molecules are broken down into smaller 1s. This is called the katabolic reaction. The energy is so used during the anabolic reaction to construct up complex molecules needed by the organic structure to keep life and develop new tissue. A individual ‘s metamorphosis establishes the rate at which the organic structure burns Calories and how rapidly weight is gained or lost. The higher a individual ‘s metamorphosis is, the quicker they will lose weight. Using the construct of anabolic and katabolic reactions, the short term weight loss is best achieved by aerophilic exercising to interrupt down molecules into energy that the organic structure can utilize to construct musculus. Muscle burns more Calories than fat, so the edifice of musculus will hike a individual ‘s metamorphosis in the long term and increase the sum of Calories burned. A After any type of surgery, the organic structure is susceptible to infection. Clostridium perfringens infections have a high mortality rate. This being multiplies in the myometrium and can distribute to the womb and circulatory system to go a systemic infection if non treated rapidly. It can do serious jobs such as myometriosis which may take to sterility. Surgical intercession such as a hysterectomy may be performed early nevertheless, for a patient that is merely 33 old ages old this may be lay waste toing. 3. Stephanie and Daryl Donnelly are both 31 old ages old and would wish to get down a household. Stephanie has a household history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and admirations what the impact will be in footings of her ain kids holding the disease. The twosome has come to the clinic to discourse their options. I would explicate to the twosome that although Stephanie does non hold symptoms of the disease, she may be a bearer. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an familial disease where males are more likely to develop symptoms than are adult females. The boies of females who are bearers of the disease each have a 50 % opportunity of holding the disease. The girls each have a 50 % opportunity of being bearers. If the account of the disease was indicated, I would discourse the class of the disease, clinical manifestations, life anticipation and the effects on the kid and health professionals. I would rede familial guidance since Stephanie has a household history of the upset. A Although there is no remedy for this disease, the familial mutant has been identified. This can let for a more informed determination as to whether the twosome wants to travel frontward with get downing a household. Stephanie can undergo DNA analysis of blood samples to set up bearer position of the mutant. Besides, antenatal diagnosing is possible as early as12 hebdomads by trying chorionic villi. If the sample was positive for the cistron mutant, the household would hold adequate clip to fix for the kid or the option to end the gestation. This would be a hard determination either manner, but with current research at the least the household would cognize prior to the birth of the kid. If a kid is born affected by the disease, ongoing research is being conducted to diminish the badness of the symptoms. These include root cell replacing therapy, exon-skipping, linear up-regulation and cistron replacing, every bit good as drug therapy to decelerate disease patterned advance. 4. The households of two kids are concerned about the integrating of their kids into the local junior high school. Melissa, age 13, has Turner syndrome, and Timothy, age 14, has Klinefelter syndrome. The households are non related. They approach the community wellness nurse for counsel. Adolescence and the demand to â€Å" suit in † create fright and anxiousness in most adolescents. The organic structure is traveling through emotional, physical, and hormonal alterations. Adolescents are concerned about their outward appearance.A Some of the most of import elements to discourse with the household about Turner syndrome are the physical alterations that develop in females. Females with this status be given to be shorter than mean misss of the same age. They besides may hold excess tegument on the cervix dropsical custodies and pess and skeletal abnormalcies. Other medical jobs that may originate from Turner syndrome may include bosom mutters, high blood force per unit area and kidney jobs. About 10 per centum of misss develop scoliosis or an under-active thyroid. The ovaries of females with Turner syndrome do non bring forth estrogen and Lipo-Lutin. Tiffany will non develop chests or get down her period unless she is treated with endocrine therapy. Although sterility may non be an issue during adolescence, this should be addressed as Tiffany ages as the ovaries are non-functional due to the disease. Although non all males with Klinefelter syndrome have the same symptoms, I would turn to the physical, linguistic communication and societal facets of the status. As Timothy is considered pubescent adolescent, he will non do as much testosterone as other male childs. This may ensue in less musculus mass and less facial and organic structure hair than other boys his age. He may besides hold wider hips, larger chests and lower energy degrees. A big per centum of males have some kind of linguistic communication jobs, such as reading, treating spoken linguistic communication and showing ideas and demands efficaciously. From a societal point of view these male childs tend to be quiet and diffident. They may fight in school and athleticss, which may ensue in trouble adjustment in with their equals. 5. Margaret, age 3, has merely taken a bath. She wants to demo her ma a new fast one that she ‘s learned and bends rearward. As Margaret extends rearward, her female parent notices a big, stick outing mass from her venters. Her female parent instantly takes Margaret to the local clinic for farther appraisal. A I would discourse the most common tumours found in kids, and other possible causes of the mass such as hernia, ascites. The possibility of a hernia may bring forth no symptoms but have the hazard of going an exigency state of affairs if it becomes strangulated. Besides, I would discourse scrutinies, diagnostic proving such as CT scans, lab draws, and echography. If indicated more testing of blood, bone marrow may be done if malignance is suspected. 6. Mary, 82 old ages old, lives in a residential senior attention place. Her household has noticed the following bit by bit happening over the past hebdomad: agitation, crossness, and confusion ; musculus vellication of appendages ; and ailments of being thirsty all the clip, even after imbibing. They have noticed that her urinary catheter bag does n't hold every bit much fluid in it, and she looks flushed at times. Mary has had frequent episodes of diarrhoea. The nursing staff drew blood for complete blood count ( CBC ) , serum osmolarity, and electrolytes and has been supervising her BP and bosom rate every 4 hour. Her BP has ranged from 86/60 to 88/66, and her pulse scope is 105 to 118 and regular. The staff besides reviewed her medicine profile and discovered that Mary received two excess doses of lactulose that were non ordered. 7. Vanessa, age 33 old ages, is a individual female parent of two adolescent misss and works as a director full clip with a fiscal investing house. She has merely enrolled in an MBA plan part-time. She comes to the exigency section today because her â€Å" bosom has been rushing for about 30 proceedingss. † She was at place working on her first assignment and making house work in between. Her girls were inquiring for money to purchase some new school apparels when she says she merely â€Å" lost it † and get downing shouting at them. The nurse placed her on the bosom proctor, and Vanessa ‘s beat showed sinus tachycardia at a rate of 142/min. Vanessa has no other symptoms. A Stress is about impossible to extinguish, but with good techniques it can be successfully managed. I would discourse with Vanessa some ways to director her emphasis such as inquiring her kids to assist with family jobs, and perchance acquiring occupations. This would assist the misss with money to purchase their ain school apparels and give Vanessa some quiet clip to analyze. Meditation, deep external respiration and yoga may assist Vanessa loosen up when holding nerve-racking minutes. She may besides seek a warm bath, loosen uping music or taking a walk outside. Although she is busy with kids, work and school, everyone needs clip to loosen up. Just a five minute interruption may be all person needs when they feel a nerve-racking minute coming.

Politics and Hierarchy in Shakespeares As You like It Essay

In William Shakespeare’s play, As you Like It, there are lots of interesting themes which both drive the action and speak to the culture that the author lived in. Among those interesting themes are the classic Shakespearean ideal of love, issues dealing with family relationships, and perhaps more importantly, politics and hierarchy. In this comedy, the dichotomy between certain characters becomes evident early on and continues for the entirety of the work. Over time, the reader comes to understand that many of the decisions made by Orlando and Oliver in their conflict are due to the perceived hierarchy of the society and the politics that would result from the decisions. In addition, the relationship between Duke Frederick and Duke Senior is one that explores lots of hierarchical themes associated with living in England at the time. These pertinent examples and more are explored in a light, intellectual way throughout the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Politics and hierarchy are primarily relevant when one considers the relationships between the various characters. One important plot aspect is the relationship between Orlando and Oliver. Orlando is a victim of circumstance and he is fully aware of his plight. In a way, he is a sympathetic character that has no recourse in trying to make his situation better. In his relationship with his older brother, Orlando is constantly under emotional torment from Oliver. Their conflict is at the heart of the story and it is an important theme throughout. Where does this conflict come from? Ultimately, it is the result of a decision that was made by the father of the two boys. Oliver received the inheritance from the father and took advantage of the land in his father’s estate. From that, there exists a hierarchical battle between the two brothers for the rest of their life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The stark contrast in the hierarchy is best represented by these two brothers because the example is so pure. Oliver is different from Orlando not only because he owns the estate, but also because he has other advantages that put him above Orlando in social status. During the comedy, there are many times when Orlando can be found telling his servant Adam that Oliver refuses to educate him and provide anything for him. Though the reader does not know much about the relationship of the brothers before their father died, one can reasonably infer that they had a decent relationship. Once Oliver elevated himself to a greater status in the hierarchy, he not only abandoned Orlando, but even took the initiative to make his brother’s life harder. This even comes to a violent head when the two brothers engage in a fight when Oliver comes to see Orlando. Orlando gets the better of that conflict and makes sure that Oliver understands that. Since this is a comedy, Shakespeare makes sure that the conflict between the brothers is presented in a sarcastic nature that the readers can enjoy. Clearly, Orlando makes light of his own plight and even makes a comment about his relatively low status in comparison to his brother. In the play, Orlando remarks to Oliver, â€Å"I am helping you to mar that which God made, a poor, unworthy brother of yours, with idleness† (Shakespeare). This sarcasm is put into the play to provide a light moment, but it also represents the fact that Oliver looks upon his brother as being something of a joke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is another hierarchical aspect of their relationship that must be considered. During that time, there was a huge gap in education for the wealthy and the poor. As such, those with money could go to the few schools that existed, while people without money had to learn skills in order to survive. From this, a certain perception began to exist that colored uneducated people as being somewhat barbaric. This interesting dichotomy is presented well by Shakespeare, as he attempts to inform the reader that Orlando is both a better fighter and a more vindictive person, while his brother Oliver was much more cultured. This was one of the many ways that people were separated by class during that time. It was all based upon money, wealth, and power, but other things came as a result of that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As only Orlando’s brother, Oliver should have never taken a role of sovereignty over him. Instead, their relationship should have still existed like a normal one during that time. However, William Shakespeare uses the relationship between the two brothers in this play as a means of displaying his own political thoughts during the time. A Paul Yachnin article published in the HighBeam Encyclopedia indicates the fact that Shakespeare did this in many of his plays. In that article, Yachnin writes, â€Å"In the play, the political and social relations between masters and their subjects places loyalty at the center of the system of relations devoted to instituting a regime of absolutist politics† (Yachnin). The loyalty between the brothers is at the center of their conflict, as Orlando feels that his brother has not been loyal to him because of social status. On the flip side of that, Oliver feels that Orlando should look up to him as something of a master, when in fact, they are just brothers. This is an interest dichotomy between the two characters that plays itself out in a series of fights, both physical and verbal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to the aforementioned hierarchy in Shakespeare’s play, politics also play a huge role in driving the action. Though politics are not a major player in the relationship between Orlando and Oliver, they do power the relationship between Duke Frederick and Duke Senior. In fact, this is one of the primary plot sequences that is very important to the storyline. Duke Frederick oversteps his bounds in this comedy, as he is not supposed to move to the top of the political latter over his brother. In English society at the time, people were locked into their roles in society. This was true even among the rich people. Though they were clearly above poor people in society, they had to worry about staying put in their position in the upper crust of the political scene. When Duke Frederick supplants Duke Senior in the political scene, a huge conflict is born. Interestingly, Shakespeare finds a creative way to intertwine the two separate stories, drawing connections between the social roles of the various characters in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Politics play a substantial role in the plight of the two dukes because they cause Duke Senior to have to live somewhere else. When Duke Frederick takes the place of his older brother, there is no option that allows both of them to just live in harmony in the same area. Instead, Duke Senior is banished from the duchy and has to live with plain nobles in a wooded area. Though he did not get banished to living with the peasants who were living completely off of the land and good graces of the upper crust, Duke Senior did not get to take advantage of the life with which he had become accustomed. That is a very important theme for the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Alan Bloom book, Shakespeare’s Politics, has an interesting take on the inner workings of how the author thought. There is lots of speculation about what sort of political thinker William Shakespeare was and the majority of that can be seen in his works. In As You Like It, it is clear that Shakespeare both searched for and figured out the answers to many of the most important questions of his day. According to Bloom, the author tosses harsh criticism on some of the systems that existed during his day (Bloom). Some examples of this include Shakespeare’s constant criticism of the class system, which he believed was bad for English society. While Shakespeare may have taken harder political stances in some of his other works like Julius Caesar, he certainly addresses the current landscape in each of his works. When dealing with the two Dukes in As you Like It, Shakespeare makes light of how their folly makes both of their lives more difficult. It was an interesting approach to take because most of the political thought during the time was breaking down the class distinctions between the reach and the poor. Very few authors or thinkers had even considered the politics that existed among the distinct groups. Shakespeare had the progressive vision to try his best to understand what sort of political motives drove advancement within certain social castes. In this comedy, he finds that even the rich jockey for position, as Duke Frederick used â€Å"creative† means to get rid of his older brother and take control of the power in the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robin Headlam Wells wrote a book about how Shakespeare used politics as a major theme in his work. In the book, Shakespeare, Politics, and the State, Wells writes about how Shakespeare constantly uses the voices of his characters to present problems within the political and hierarchical system (Wells). In this particular comedy, the beauty of the work is that each of the characters has their own role in the madness that existed within the English political system at the time. He uses all of the characters to make it well known that no one individual person or individual group was affected less or more by the makeshift caste system that England used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare himself was one of the people who understood how the political system could impact just about everyone. In order to understand the uses in his book, one has to understand Shakespeare’s political opinions and his experiences with politics. One website indicated that, â€Å"Shakespeare knew people who had been arrested and tortured – friends and family members† (William-Shakespeare.org). This is interesting to consider in that he knew that people who did not have affluence had a hard time surviving in the current political system. As such, his criticisms of the current political system had to be somewhat hushed by the constant fear that he might be prosecuted for such comments. Given the fact that Shakespeare had family that had been the victim of political happenstance, it is interesting to consider his take on the dynamic of Orlando and Oliver. The author understood the plight of Orlando more so than he did the situation of Oliver, so in many ways, he favors Orlando in his writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As you Like It is an interesting play by William Shakespeare that addresses many different themes that were prevalent in English society during the time of the author. Among those are the common themes of politics and hierarchy. In his breakdown of the various relationship of individuals within the comedy, Shakespeare actually sheds a little bit of light on what it might have been like to live in England during that time.   Works Cited Alexander, Catherine. Shakespeare and Politics. 13 September 2004.   Cambridge University Press. Bloom, Allan. Shakespeare’s Politics. 1 December 1996. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. Shakespeare, William. As You Like It. Wells, Robin Headlam. Shakespeare Politics and State. December 1986. Palgrave McMillan Publishing. William Shakespeare and Elizabethan Politics. http://www.william-shakespeare.org.uk/william-shakespeare-politics.htm Yachnin, Paul. High Beam Encyclopedia. Shakespeare’s Politics and Loyalty. 22 March 1993. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-14363559.html